After studying the content of these projects, you will be able to:

• Explain how to perform basic operations like add, compare or multiply using the radix-2 binary number system.

• Convert natural (whole) numbers between several number systems such as binary (radix-2), decimal (radix-10) or hexadecimal (radix-16).

•  Find and analyse the characteristics of classic industry standard arithmetic chips like 74HCT283, 74LS85, 74LS181, etc.

•  Write an alphanumeric message using ASCII code.

• Encode data, information or symbols in Gray, one-hot, BCD, etc.

• Explain the basics and operability of adders and comparators.

• Infer the idea of an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) circuit.

• Infer how to design hardware multipliers.

• Infer an n-bit ripple-carry adder.

• Infer a 4-bit carry-lookahead adder and be able to compare its characteristics with respect to the ripple-carry adder.

• Use the method of decoders (MoD) to implement logic functions.

• Use the hierarchical method of multiplexers (MoM) to implement logic functions.

• Apply hierarchical structural design (plan C2) to implement arithmetic circuits using VHDL.